Mining, refining, and recycling of rare earths have serious environmental consequences if not properly managed. A particular hazard is mildly radioactive slurrys tailing resulting from the common occurrence of thorium and uranium in rare earth element ores. Improper handling of these substances can result in extensive environmental damage. Additionally, toxic acids are required during the refining process.
The Kuantan development brought renewed attention to the Malaysian town of Bukit Merah in Perak, where a rare-earth mine operated by a Mitsubishi Chemical subsidary, Asian Rare Earth, closed in 1992 and left continuing environmental and health concerns.The Bukit Merah mine in Malaysia has been the focus of a US$100 million cleanup which is proceeding in 2011. "Residents blamed a rare earth refinery for birth defects and eight leukemia cases within five years in a community of 11,000 — after many years with no leukemia cases." Seven of the leukemia victims died. After having accomplished the hilltop entombment of 11,000 truckloads of radioactively contaminated material, the project is expected to entail in summer, 2011, the removal of "more than 80,000 steel barrels of radioactive waste to the hilltop repository.
(Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rare earth)
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